ABSTRACT
Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with clinical features of diverse severity. Severe disease includes biological criteria of both inflammation and coagulation activation, and high circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The most critical patients present with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, resembling bacterial sepsis. Clinical trials have shown that steroids reduce mortality of severe cases, suggesting that inflammation as a mechanism of defense against viral invasion is excessive rather than insufficient. Several molecules targeting more specific pathways than steroids are under evaluation. Those reducing interleukin 6 activity have a certain degree of effectiveness. Anticoagulants and fibrinolytics have moderate impact on the hypercoagulation state. Like for bacterial sepsis, future trials will attempt therapy "individualization" based on biomarkers, but we still lack precision diagnostic tools.
ABSTRACT
In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new human infectious pathology was born, COVID-19, consisting above all in pneumoniae, induced by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 because of the respiratory distress it caused (SARS for severe acute respiratory syndrome, and CoV for Coronavirus). A real health and planetary crisis has appeared, much more substantial than that linked to SARS-CoV-1 in 2002-2004 and to MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) in 2012. In addition to respiratory damage that can be dramatic, this pathology is complicated by the frequency of cardiovascular, renal and coagulation diseases. Health care systems have had to adapt urgently, in the absence of hindsight from the pathology, and without effective therapeutic weapons. Through this review of the literature, we detail our local practices for the overall management of patients hospitalized in Intensive care.